received a MA in Economics and a BS in Applied Mathematics from the University of Aix-Marseille, and a Ph.D. in Economics from New York University where he was a member of the Austrian School Programme. He is presently a Professor at the University of Aix-Marseille where he is also directing the C.A.E. (Centre d’Analyse Economique). Since 1995, he is acting as director of the Institute for Economic Studies-Europe.